It is widely cultivated in the Bihar state of our country. It is also cultivated mainly in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, West Bengal and Punjab.
ଜଳବାୟୁ
ଲିଚୁ ଏକ ଉପଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମ ମଣ୍ଡଳୀୟ ଫଳ । ଏହାର ବୃଦ୍ଧିପାଇଁ ତୁଷାର ପଡ଼ୁ ନଥିବା ଶୀତ ଓ ଅଧିକ ଆଦ୍ରତା ଥିବା ଖରାଦିନ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ । ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳୀୟ ଉତ୍ତାପର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ 21°_38°C ମଧ୍ୟରେ ରହିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ବାର୍ଷିକ 60 ଇଞ୍ଚରୁ ଅଧିକ ବର୍ଷା ହେଉଥିବା ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ଲିଚୁଚାଷ ଭଲହୁଏ କିନ୍ତୁ ଫୁଲଧରିବା ସମୟରେ ବର୍ଷା ଲାଗିରହିଲେ ଏହାର କ୍ଷତିହୁଏ । ଶୁଖିଲା ପାଗରେ ହଠାତ ବର୍ଷାହେଲେ ଫଳ ଫାଟିଯାଏ । ଉତ୍ତପ୍ତ ଶୁଷ୍କ ପବନ ହେଲେ ଗଛର ବ୍ରୁଦ୍ଧିହୁଏ ନାହିଁ I ଫଳ ନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଯାଏ ।
Climate
Litchi is a tropical fruit. This requires a dry winter with no snow and a high humidity. Atmospheric temperatures are expected to be between 21 ° and 38 ° C, with an annual rainfall of more than 60 '' . In dry weather, when it rains suddenly, the fruit bursts. Warm, dry air does not cause the tree to grow.
Litchi is a tropical fruit. This requires a dry winter with no snow and a high humidity. Atmospheric temperatures are expected to be between 21 ° and 38 ° C, with an annual rainfall of more than 60 '' . In dry weather, when it rains suddenly, the fruit bursts. Warm, dry air does not cause the tree to grow.
ମୃତ୍ତିକା :=
ଜଳନିସ୍କାସନର ସୁଵିଧାଥିବା ଯେକୌଣସି ପ୍ରକାର ମାଟିରେ ଲିଚୁଚାଷ କରାଯାଇପାରେ କିନ୍ତୁ ଉର୍ବର ଦୋରସା ମାଟି ଏପ୍ରକାର ପାଇଁ ଭଲ । ଅମ୍ଳଥିବା ମାଟି କ୍ଷାରୀୟ ମାଟି ଅପେକ୍ଷା ଭଲ । କାରଣ ଏ ପ୍ରକାର ମାଟିରେ ମାଇକୋରାଇଜା ନାମକ ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର କବଚ ସହଜରେ ବଢ଼ି ଗଛକୁ ପୋଷଣ ପ୍ରକିୟାରେ ସହାୟତା କରିଥାନ୍ତି ।
Soil: =
Litchi can be grown on any type of soil that has good drainage, but fertile soils are good for this. Acidic soil is better than alkaline soil. This is because of the fact that in this type of soil, a type of fungus called Mycorrhizia grows easily and helps the plant to nourish.
Litchi can be grown on any type of soil that has good drainage, but fertile soils are good for this. Acidic soil is better than alkaline soil. This is because of the fact that in this type of soil, a type of fungus called Mycorrhizia grows easily and helps the plant to nourish.
କିସମ
1- (ମୁଜାଫରପୁର ) ଏହିକିସମର ଲିଚୁ ମୁଖ୍ୟତଃ ବିହାର ରାଜ୍ୟ ଓ ଆଖପାଖ ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ଚାଷ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ । ଏହା ବହୁତ ଫଳେ ଓ କୋଳିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଗାଢ଼ କମଳା ରଙ୍ଗର ହୁଏ । କମ ସଂଖ୍ୟକ ଫଳ ଫଟିଥାଏ । ଏହି କିସମର ଗଛରେ ସାଧାରଣତଃ 80-100 କିଗ୍ରା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ କୋଳି ଫଳିଥାଏ ।
2- (ସାହାରାନପୁରୁ ) ଏହି କିସମର ଗଛଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଶୀଘ୍ର ଫଳ ଧରିଥାଏ ଓ ବହୁତ ଫଳେ । କୋଳିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ହୃତପିଣ୍ଡ ଆକୃତିର ଗାଢ଼ କମଳାରଙ୍ଗର ଦେଖାଯାଏ ।
3- (ଡେରାଡୁନ ) ଉତ୍ତରପ୍ରଦେଶର ଆଖପାଖ ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ଏହି କିସମର ଫଳ ଚାଷ କରାଯାଏ । ଫଳଗୁଡିକ କୋନ ଆକୃତି ,କୋମଳ ଓ ରସଯୁକ୍ତ
ଉପରୋକ୍ତ କିସମ ଛଡା ଆଉ କେତେକ କିସମର ଲିଚୁ ଚାଷ କରାଯାଏ | ସେଗୁଡିକ ହେଲା କଲିକତା ,ରୋଜସେଣ୍ଟେଡ ,ସିଡେଲସହେଟ,ଚିନା ଓ ବମ୍ବାଇ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ।
What kind
1- (Muzaffarpur) This type of Litchi is mainly grown in and around the state of Bihar. It is very fruitful and the collars are dark orange. Fewer fruits are produced. This type of tree usually produces up to 80-100 kg of cabbage.
2- (Saharanpur) These kinds of trees bear fruit fast and bear much fruit. The collars appear dark orange in the shape of a heart.
3- (Dehradun) This type of fruit is cultivated in and around Uttar Pradesh. The fruits are cone-shaped, tender and juicy
In addition to the above varieties, some varieties of lychees are cultivated These are Calcutta, Roscented, Siddleshell, China and Bombay.
1- (Muzaffarpur) This type of Litchi is mainly grown in and around the state of Bihar. It is very fruitful and the collars are dark orange. Fewer fruits are produced. This type of tree usually produces up to 80-100 kg of cabbage.
2- (Saharanpur) These kinds of trees bear fruit fast and bear much fruit. The collars appear dark orange in the shape of a heart.
3- (Dehradun) This type of fruit is cultivated in and around Uttar Pradesh. The fruits are cone-shaped, tender and juicy
In addition to the above varieties, some varieties of lychees are cultivated These are Calcutta, Roscented, Siddleshell, China and Bombay.
ବଂଶ ବିସ୍ତାର :
ଲିଚୁ ମଞ୍ଜି ଅଙ୍ଗଜ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀରେ ବଂଶ ବିସ୍ତାର କରିଥାଏ । ମଞ୍ଜିରୁ ହେଉଥିବା ଗଛ ଯାହାକି ,ମଞ୍ଜି ଫଳରୁ ବାହାରିବାର 4/5 ଦିନ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଅଙ୍କୁର କ୍ଷମତା ନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଯାଏ । ମଞ୍ଜିରୁ ହେଉଥିବା ଗଛର ଚେର ଖୁବ ବଢ଼େ କିନ୍ତୁ ଅଙ୍ଗଜ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ ଗଛ ଚେର ସେତେ ବେଶୀ ବଢ଼େନାହିଁ । ଏହି କାରଣରୁ ଗୁଟି କଲମୀ ବା ଜୋଡ କଲମୀ ଦ୍ଵାରା ଗଛର ବଂଶ ବିସ୍ତାର କରାଯାଏ ।
ଏହି କଲମୀ ଚାରା ମୂଳ ଗଛ (ମା ଗଛ )ର ଫଳନ ଶକ୍ତି ,ଫଳର ଆକାର ପ୍ରକାର ଓ ପରିମାଣ ଆଦି ସମସ୍ତ ଗୁଣ ବହନ କରିଥାଏ ।
Reproduction:
Litchi seeds reproduce in the genital tract. Seedlings, which lose germination capacity within 4/5 days of germination. The roots of the plant grow very well, but the root system of the limbs does not grow much. For this reason, the genus of the tree is propagated by goti kalmi or jod pen.
These squirrels bear all the qualities of the rootstock (mother tree), the fruit's strength, the type and size of the fruit.
Litchi seeds reproduce in the genital tract. Seedlings, which lose germination capacity within 4/5 days of germination. The roots of the plant grow very well, but the root system of the limbs does not grow much. For this reason, the genus of the tree is propagated by goti kalmi or jod pen.
These squirrels bear all the qualities of the rootstock (mother tree), the fruit's strength, the type and size of the fruit.
ବୃକ୍ଷରୋପଣ
କଲମୀ ଚାରା ଗଛ ଲଗାଇବାପାଇଁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ସ୍ଥାନରେ 2 ଫୁଟ ଲମ୍ବ ଓ ପ୍ରସ୍ଥ ଏବଂ 2 ଫୁଟ ଗଭୀରର ଗାତ ପ୍ରାୟ 7/8 ମିଟର ବ୍ୟବଧାନରେ ଖୋଳାଯାଇ ଖତମିଶା ମାଟିରେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରିଦିଆଯାଏ ।| ଗଛ ଲଗାଇବା ସମୟରେ ପୁରୁଣା ଲିଚୁ ବଗିଚାର ମାଟି ଆଣି ଗାତରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ଗଛ ଲଗାଇଲେ ଗଛର ଲାଭ ହୋଇଥାଏ ଅର୍ଥାତ ପୁରୁଣା ଲିଚୁ ବଗିଚାର ଲିଚୁ ଗଛ ମୂଳରେ ମାଈକୋରାଇଜା ନାମକ କବକ ରହି ଯବକ୍ଷାରଜାନ ସଂଶଲେଷଣ (nitrogen fixation )କରିବା ଦ୍ଵାରା
ଗଛ ଯବକ୍ଷାରଜାନ ସାରର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ପୂରଣକରେ | ଏଣୁ ଏହି ମାଟି ନୂଆ ଗଛ ମୂଳରେ ଦେଲେ ଉକ୍ତ କବକ ଗଛକୁ ପୋଷକ ଯୋଗାଏ ।
Tree planting
A 2-foot-long and 2-foot-deep hole is dug at a distance of about 7/8 m from the site prepared for planting the squash and filled with manure. When planting, bring the soil of the old lychee orchard and plant it in a hole.
The plant meets the need for fertilizer So when the soil is planted at the base of the new tree, the fungus provides nutrients to the tree.
A 2-foot-long and 2-foot-deep hole is dug at a distance of about 7/8 m from the site prepared for planting the squash and filled with manure. When planting, bring the soil of the old lychee orchard and plant it in a hole.
The plant meets the need for fertilizer So when the soil is planted at the base of the new tree, the fungus provides nutrients to the tree.
ଖତ ଓ ସାର
ଲିଚୁଗଛରେ ପ୍ରତିବର୍ଷ ଖତ ସହିତ ନିମ୍ଵପିଡ଼ିଆ ,ହାଡ଼ଗୁଣ୍ଡ ଓ ପାଉଁଶ ଯଥାକ୍ରମେ 2:2:3:3 ମିଶାଇ ଗଛପ୍ରତି 1କିଗ୍ରା
ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କରାଯାଏ । କେତକ ସ୍ଥଳେ ଦସ୍ତା ଧାତୁ ଅଭାବ ଜନିତ ହେଲେ ଗଛର ପତ୍ର ପିତୁଳିଆରଙ୍ଗର ଲକ୍ଷଣ ଦେଖାଯାଏ । ଏହାର ପ୍ରତିକାର ପାଇଁ 4 କିଗ୍ରା ଜିଙ୍କ ସଲଫେଟ ଓ 2 କିଗ୍ରା ଚୁନକୁ 500 ଲିଟର ପାଣିରେ ମିଶାଇ ସ୍ପ୍ରେ କରିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ।
ଏହା ଛଡା ଗଛଲଗାଇବା ସମୟରେ ଗଛପ୍ରତି କାଲସିଲମ ଆମୋନିୟମ ନାଇଟ୍ରେଟ 100 ଗ୍ରାମ ,ଗ୍ରୋମର (28:28:0)100 ଗ୍ରାମ ଓ ମ୍ୟୁରେଟ ଅଫ ପଟାସ 100 ଗ୍ରାମ ସାର ଦିଆଯାଏ । ତା ପରେ ପ୍ରତିବର୍ଷ ଗଛପ୍ରତି ଏହି ସାର 200 ଗ୍ରାମ ,150 ଗ୍ରାମ ଓ 150 ଗ୍ରାମ ମାତ୍ରାରେ ଦିଆଯିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ।
Fertilizers and fertilizers
Each year, 1 kg of lime trees, manure and ash are added to the lime tree with 2: 2: 3: 3, respectively.
Applied. In some places, there is a lack of metal, and the leaves of the tree are yellow. To prevent this, 4 kg of zinc sulfate and 2 kg of lime should be sprayed with 500 liters of water.
In addition, 100 g of calcium ammonium nitrate, 100 g of grom (28: 28: 0) and 100 g of potassium fertilizer were applied to the tree during transplanting. The fertilizer should then be applied at a rate of 200 grams, 150 grams and 150 grams per plant per year.
Each year, 1 kg of lime trees, manure and ash are added to the lime tree with 2: 2: 3: 3, respectively.
Applied. In some places, there is a lack of metal, and the leaves of the tree are yellow. To prevent this, 4 kg of zinc sulfate and 2 kg of lime should be sprayed with 500 liters of water.
In addition, 100 g of calcium ammonium nitrate, 100 g of grom (28: 28: 0) and 100 g of potassium fertilizer were applied to the tree during transplanting. The fertilizer should then be applied at a rate of 200 grams, 150 grams and 150 grams per plant per year.
ଜଳସେଚନ
ଗଛ ଫୁଲଧରିବା ପରଠାରୁ ଫଳ ପାକଳ ହେବା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ 10 ଦିନ ବ୍ୟବଧାନରେ ଜଳସେଚନ କରାଯିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ । ପାଣିର ଅଭାବହେଲେ ଫଳଗୁଡିକ ଠିକ ଭାବରେ ବଢ଼ି ନ ପରି ଫାଟିଯାଏ ।
Irrigation
Irrigation should be carried out at intervals of 10 days from flowering to ripening. Due to the lack of water, the fruit does not grow properly.
Irrigation should be carried out at intervals of 10 days from flowering to ripening. Due to the lack of water, the fruit does not grow properly.
ଅମଳ
କଲମୀ କରାଯାଇଥିବା ଗଛ 3.5 ବର୍ଷ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଫଳଧାରଣ କରେ । ଫଳଧାରଣ ଶକ୍ତି ପ୍ରତିବର୍ଷ ବଢ଼ି ବଢ଼ି 25 ବର୍ଷ ପରେ କମିଯାଇଥାଏ । ଫେବୃଆରୀ ମାସରେ ଫୁଲଧରି ମେ - ଜୁନ ମାସରେ ଫଳ ଅମଳ ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଗୋଟିଏ ଗଛରୁ ପ୍ରାୟ 100-150 କିଗ୍ରା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଫଳ ଅମଳ ମିଳେ ।
Harvest
The cultivated tree bears fruit within 3.5 years. The productivity increases every year and decreases after 25 years. The flowers are harvested in February and the fruits are harvested in May-June. About 100-150 kg of fruit is harvested from one tree.
The cultivated tree bears fruit within 3.5 years. The productivity increases every year and decreases after 25 years. The flowers are harvested in February and the fruits are harvested in May-June. About 100-150 kg of fruit is harvested from one tree.
ପୋକ ଓ ରୋଗ
1- (ଶୋଷକ ପୋକ ) ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣାଙ୍ଗ ଓ ଛୁଆ ଶୋଷକ ପୋକଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଶୁଣ୍ଢଦ୍ୱାରା କରି ଗଛର ଫୁଲ ,ଫଳ ,ନରମ ଶାଖା ଓ ପତ୍ରଗୁଡ଼ିକପତ୍ରଗୁଡିକରୁ ରସ ଶୋଷି ଖାଆନ୍ତି । ଏହା ଫଳରେ ଗଛ ରୁଗୁଣ ହୋଇଯାଏ ଓ ଫୁଲ କଷିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଝଡ଼ି ଯାଏ ।
ଏଥିପାଇଁ କ୍ଲୋର ପାଇରଫସ ,ମିଲାଥୀଆନ କିମ୍ବା ମିଥାଇଲ ପାରାଥିଅନ ଆଦି ଯେକୌଣସି କୀଟନାଶକ ଓଷଧରୁ 2.5 ମିଲି କୁ ଲିଟର ପ୍ରତି ପାଣିରେ ମିଶାଇ ଛିଞ୍ଚନ କରିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ।
2- (ଲିଚୁ ମାଇଟ ) ଏହି ମାଇଟ ଲିଚୁ ପତ୍ରତଳେ ବହୁସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ରହି ପତ୍ର ଆନଂଚୁଡ଼ି ରସ ଶୋଷି ଖାଆନ୍ତି । ପତ୍ରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଉପରକୁ ମୋଡିହୋଇଯାଏ । ଏହାର ପ୍ରତିକାର ପାଇଁ ଗଛରେ ଗନ୍ଧକସେଚିତ ଗୁଣ୍ଡ କିମ୍ବା ମାଲାଥିଅନ ସ୍ପ୍ରେ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ।
Insects and diseases
1- (absorbent worms) Adult and juvenile worms absorb the sap from the flowers, fruits, soft branches and leaves of the tree by trimming them. As a result, the tree becomes stunted and the flowers fall off.
For this purpose, it is necessary to spray 2.5 ml of any pesticide, such as chlorine pyrophosphate, milathion or methyl parathion, in water per liter.
2- (Litchu mite) This mite lichu is found in large numbers under the leaves and absorbs the leaves. The leaves are twisted upwards. To prevent this, the tree needs sulfur fertilizer or malathion spray.
1- (absorbent worms) Adult and juvenile worms absorb the sap from the flowers, fruits, soft branches and leaves of the tree by trimming them. As a result, the tree becomes stunted and the flowers fall off.
For this purpose, it is necessary to spray 2.5 ml of any pesticide, such as chlorine pyrophosphate, milathion or methyl parathion, in water per liter.
2- (Litchu mite) This mite lichu is found in large numbers under the leaves and absorbs the leaves. The leaves are twisted upwards. To prevent this, the tree needs sulfur fertilizer or malathion spray.
କୃଷି ପ୍ରଶିକ୍ଷକ - ବିରଜା ଶଙ୍କର ମହାନ୍ତି
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